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【伝統色とトリノイロ】エナガ

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エナガ

全長約14㎝とかなり小さな体ながら、ふわふわの羽毛と長い尾、キュートなつぶらな瞳で人気のエナガ。
黒い過眼線も印象的ですが、体上面やおなかの一部の淡いピンク色がエナガのかわいい魅力を増しているように思います。

さて、このエナガのピンク色を伝統色になぞらえるならば、何だろう?と考えました。

そして浮かんだのが「退紅(たいこう)」という色です。
退紅と書いて「あらぞめ」と読むこともありますよ。

退紅というのは、「色あせた紅色」という意味。
まるで紅色を洗い流したような色を表現した名前です。
淡いピンク色ですが、ほんのすこしだけ黄色みも感じる品のいい色です。

その昔、大量の紅花で染める紅色(濃い赤)は大変高価でした。

そのため、うつくしい紅色は平安朝の貴族の間で非常に人気で、身分の高いもののみしか着用が許されない「禁色(きんじき)」でした。
紅色は、江戸時代に入っても人々の憧れの色でした。
しかし、厳しい階級制度があった江戸時代は、贅沢を規制する「奢侈禁止令(しゃしきんしれい)」という服装を制限する法令が度々出されていました。
その法令はかなり厳しく細かい内容であったようで、この時代も紅色は庶民には許されない「禁色」であったそうです。

先述した通り、退紅というのは、「色あせた紅色」という意味。

濃い紅色は、一部の高貴な人々のものでありましたが、色が褪せたような色、淡い色であれば身分の低いものにもお許しが出ていました。
この退紅もそのうちの一つ。

下官や雑役に携わる人々が使った色でした。

エナガは、小さく愛らしい鳥です。
北海道のシマエナガなどは、近年大人気になりました。
しかしエナガの魅力は「他を圧倒するような」「他を退けて前に出る」ようなそんな主演女優のような存在感ではないように思います。
なんとなく控えめで、さりげなくはかなげな愛らしさ。
けなげで一生懸命生きている小さな命の美しさ。

紅花染の歴史を読みながら、改めてエナガの魅力について考えた私です。


*伝統色シリーズ
鳥の色は、図鑑や書籍などで端的に表現される場合がほとんどです。
しかし日本には、たくさんの色名が存在します。
「もっとこんな表現はどうかな?」「こっちの色が近い気がするな」そんな気持ちを素敵な日本の伝統色を紹介しながら綴るシリーズです。

*記載の色は色名に対する近似値(おおよそのもの)です。
文献や書籍によって解釈が異なる場合もございます。
またお使いのモニターや端末によって色が違って見えることもあります!

<参考文献>
美しい日本の伝統色 / PIE international / 
日本の色辞典 / 紫紅社

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